福井市自然史博物館研究報告要旨

このページの最終更新日：2005年10月14日

　研究報告要旨（51号）／ Abstracts of Bull. Fukui City Mus. Nat. His. (No.51)

福井県美山町の手取層群より脊椎動物化石の産出
安野敏勝
Mesozoic Vertebrate fossils from the Tetori Group in Miyama Town,Fukui Prefecture, Central Japan
Toshikatsu YASUNO
51 (2004):1－4 (in Japanese with English abstract)

3種類の脊椎動物化石が福井県美山町の足羽川中流の河床礫から貝類化石と共に産出した．化石は黒色頁岩および凝灰質細礫岩に含まれ，これらは産地付近に分布する手取層群境寺互層に由来する．本地域産の動物化石はわずかに小型の爬虫類（境寺互層）とアンモナイト（小和清水砂岩層）の記録があり，地層群は海生堆積物であると推定され，中・後期ジュラ紀の九頭竜亜層群に属するとされている．化石は小型爬虫類の左大腿骨，カメ類の背甲板および硬鱗からなり，境寺互層中に豊かな動物群集を含む化石層が存在する可能性が高くなった．また化石含有層は共産する貝類化石により汽水～淡水性堆積物であると推定される．
Some pieced vetebrate fossils associated with molluscan fossils were found from cobble to boulder gravels (black shale and tuffaceous pebblestone) in the Middle of the Asuwa River (Miyama Town). They consist of three kinds:a small reptile left femur, turtle carapace and ganoid scales. These rocks belong possibly to the surrounding Sakaidera alternation formation of the Kuzuryu subgroup (Tetori Group) refered to Middle Jurassic. This rsult indicates firstly that the Sakaidera alternation formation yields possibly rich vertebrate fossils and the foosilbearing horizons deposited in the brakish to freshwater environment in having the associated fossils.
キーワード:美山町，手取層群境寺互層，爬虫類大腿骨化石，背甲板化石，硬鱗化石

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福井県における放散虫化石産地ノート―その８―　　おにゅう峠
梅田美由紀, 田賀秀子
Note of occurrence of radiolarian fossils in Fukui Prefecture, central Japan－No.8－ Onyu-touge Area
Miyuki UMEDA & Hideko TAGA
51 (2004):5-14 (in Japanese with English abstract)

おにゅう峠（福井県小浜市と滋賀県朽木村との県境）の林道沿いに分布する丹波帯の砕屑岩類を調査した．その結果，林道沿いには，千枚岩質珪質頁岩・珪質頁岩・珪質泥岩・チャートおよび黒色頁岩が繰り返し分布することが判明した．また，赤色層状珪質頁岩からは三畳紀の，そして珪質頁岩や珪質泥岩およびマンガンノジュールからはジュラ紀前期～中期を示す放散虫化石を得た．これらの化石の電子顕微鏡写真を掲載した．
The Onyu-touge area is situated between Fukui and Shiga Prefecture, where the geology belongs to Tamba Terrane of the Inner Zone of Southwest Japan. Field observation showed that the sequence of the area consisted of phyllitic siliceous shale, siliceous shale, siliceous mudstone, chert, and black shale. Triassic radiolarian fossils were obtained from the some reddish siliceous shales. On the other hand, Early to Middle Jurassic radiolarian fossils were obtained from the some siliceous mudstones and the some manganese nodules. SEM photographs of these radiolarians are presented.
キーワード:丹波帯，放散虫化石，ジュラ紀，三畳紀，マンガンノジュール

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福井県におけるオイカワ属魚類の分布と雑種の記録
加藤文男
Geographic distribution of Zacco(Cyprinidae) and a record of hybrid in Fukui Prefecture, Japan
Fumio KATO
51 (2004):15-24 (in Japanese with English abstract)

福井県におけるオイカワ属魚類の分布について調査し，以下のような結果を得た．カワムツとオイカワは県下一円に広く分布していたが，ヌマムツは主に九頭竜川支流の日野川水系と磯部川，日野川と足羽川の下流域で囲まれた農業水路で局部的に分布していた．河川内では，大河川の九頭竜川ではカワムツとオイカワが上流域下部から中流域まで生息していたが，中河川の北川ではオイカワが少数下流域まで生息していた．ヌマムツは流れの緩やかな河川中流域か農業水路に限られて生息し，それらはオイカワと同様に琵琶湖産稚鮎の放流に伴う移入魚と考えられる．オイカワ属3種とその雑種と思われる個体の形態，色彩・斑紋，二次性徴，鱗相を比較した結果，雑種はヌマムツとオイカワの交雑によるものと推定された．
Geographic distribution of Zacco (Cyprinidae) was surveyed in Fukui Prefecture. Z. temminkii and Z. platypus were distributed throughout the Prefecture. The distribution of Z.sieboldii was restricted to Hinogawa River system, Isobegawa River, and irrigation canals surrounded by the lower Hinogawa and Asuwagawa Rivers. Z. temminkii and Z. platypus inhabited from the lower part of the upper stream to the middle stream of Kuzuryu River. In addition some Z. platypus inhabited to the lower stream of Kitagawa River. The habitat of Z. sieboldii, which was restricted to the slow stream or irrigation canals indicates that this species would be introduced artificially with young ayu from Lake Biwa, similar to Z. platypus. One hybrid Zacco fish was captured. Examination of morphology, body color/spot, secondary sexual character and scalation would indicate this fish was considered a Z. sieboldii and Z. platypus hybrid.
キーワード: 福井県，オイカワ属魚類，分布，雑種の記録
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1930年代から現在に至る喜界島の陸産貝類相と生息環境の変遷
石田　惣, 西　浩孝, 佐藤ミチコ
Long-term transition of the land snail fauna and their habitat in Kikaijima Island from 1930s to present
So ISHIDA, Hirotaka NISHI & Michiko SATO
51 (2004):25-30 (in Japanese with English abstract)

奄美諸島喜界島において陸産貝類相を調査し，博物館蔵標本（古川コレクション）ならびに文献記録から推定した1930～1970年代の貝類相と比較した．また，陸貝のハビタットとして森林帯に注目し，過去の地形図からその面積の推移を調べた．その結果，陸貝の多様度が高かった地点は1920年代から森林帯が保たれている場所であった．喜界島において1920年代から1990年代まで森林帯の総面積は大きく変化していないが，1980年代以降に道路建設による分断化が顕著であった．1970年代以前と現在とで貝類相に大きな変化は見られないものの，ハビタットの分断化により各種の個体群は脆弱になっている可能性があり，陸貝の保全のためには今後のモニタリングが必要だろう．
We surveyed the land snail fauna in Kikaijima Island, Amami Archipelago, Japan and compared it with 1930-1970s’, which were deduced from the museum specimen (Furukawa shellcollection) and the literature records. Forest zone was considered as the potential habitat of land snails and the long-term transition of the area was investigated from the old national topographical maps. The sites which recorded diverse land snails consisted with the areas which had preserved forest zone from 1920s to present. Total area of the forest zone in Kikaijima Island had not changed largely from 1920s to 1990s, but they had been separated prominently by the road construction after 1980s. No remarkable change in the fauna was found between before 1970s and present, however, the population of each species may be fragile because of the habitat fraction. Continuous monitoring will be needed for the conservation of land snails.
キーワード:陸産貝類相，博物館標本，森林帯，LTER

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外来種2種を含む福井県産甲虫の分布記録
下野谷　豊一
Distributional notes on the Beetles(Coleoptera) in Fukui Prefecture,with including two Ailien species
Toyokazu SHIMONOYA
51(2004):31-35 (in Japanese with English abstract)

福井県においても温暖化の影響で，南の暖かい地方から北上を続けるナガサキアゲハ（アゲハチョウ科），イシガケチョウ（タテハチョウ科）のような暖地性種の侵入と定着，そして，明らかに人為的な要因で外国から侵入した，いわゆる外来種が目立ち始めている．そこで，最近新に福井県に侵入した外来種2種と，国内に分布する種であるが，その侵入要因が外来種と同様と考えられる1種を，侵入後の生息状況とともに報告する．
Three invasive alien beetles, Cicindeda kaleea yedoensis, Lebia viridis and Ophraella communa, have been recently recorded in Fukui Prefecture. Distribution and ecological information about these beetles were reported. Introduction route and dispersal process were also discussed.
キーワード:外来種，甲虫

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福井県のフロラに関する資料（1）
赤井賢成
Data on the flora of Fukui（1）
Kensei AKAI
51 (2004):37-56 (in Japanese with English abstract)

2004年度の福井県内のフロラ調査で明らかになった知見の中から，福井県レッドデータブック植物編と国のレッドデータブックに記載されている絶滅危惧植物の新産地と生育状況について報告する．調査の結果，33分類群の絶滅危惧植物が確認され，合計81の新産地が明らかになった．これらの植物の多くは，ため池，河川に生育する水生植物，湿地，水田・休閑田・放棄田に生育する一年生草本・多年生草本，ため池の堤，農道法面・畦畔，塩性湿地に生育する多年生草本であった．今年度の調査範囲の中では，絶滅危惧植物が集中して分布する4つの地域が確認された．今後，これらの植物の生育地内における絶滅を防ぐためは，生態，環境要求，生育環境などの知見を集めるとともに，局所個体群や生育環境のモニタリング，生育環境整備など，保全に向けた具体的なプログラムを立案し，速やかに実行することが重要である．また，野外で個体数が極端に減少している分類群，一部の水生植物など生育環境が著しく劣化している分類群については，生存種子の保存（シードバンク）や施設栽培といった生育地外保全を検討する必要がある．
New localities and details of status, including approximate number of individuals or ramets, habitat conditions and the main causes of habitat loss/degradation, are reported for the threatened plant species of Fukui Prefecture as listed in the Fukui Red Data Book and in Threatened Wildlife of Japan - Red Data Book 2(Volume 8 Vascular Plants). The occurrence of 33 threatened plant species and 81 new localities within the Prefecture were confirmed during the study period. Most of the threatened species were perennials or annual herbs growing in wetland habitats such as paddy fields, or aquatic species inhabiting ponds and rivers.The relationship between the distribution of the threatened species and the microtopography of the study area was assessed. As a result, four habitat types characterized by a richness of threatened plant species were discerned, namely, floodplains, river confluences, salt swamps and marine terraces. In devising conservation strategies to safeguard threatened species against extinction in their original habitat, there is now a pressing need for more taxonomic and ecological information on vulnerable plants, a better understanding of the causes for population decreases and the factors behind habitat loss/degradation, and comprehensive monitoring programs to provide data on trends in local populations. In the case of exceptionally vulnerable species, there is also likely to be a need to facilitate ex situ conservation.
キーワード：福井県，絶滅危惧植物，レッドデータブック，新産地，生育地外保全
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野生グマに対する餌付け行為としてのドングリ散布の是非について～保全生物学的観点から～
保科英人
Discussion about artificial diffusions of wild acorns, based on conservation biological viewpoint
Hideto HOSHINA
51 (2004):57-62 (in Japanese with English abstract)

2004 年，一部の自然保護団体が，エサ不足に苦しむツキノワグマに対し，全国から収集したドングリを，山々に散布した．本稿では，このドングリの人為的散布について考察した．保全生物学的見解に立てば，このようなドングリの散布は，好ましくない行為であると断定できる．自然生態系に対して，考えられるリスクは，散布されたドングリが発芽し，その地域土着のドングリと交雑することによる遺伝子撹乱や，ドングリ内部に潜入している昆虫の遺伝子撹乱，さらに一部の種が外来種となりうる問題などが挙げられる．ドングリを水に沈めるだけでは，ドングリおよび内部の昆虫類を完全に殺すことは不可能であることを実証した．さらに，たとえドングリを完全に煮沸して，遺伝子撹乱および外来種の問題をクリアしたとしても，そもそも野生のツキノワグマに対して，エサを与えること自体が問題である．著者は，ドングリの人為的散布に強く反対する．
In 2004, some Japanese groups disseminated acorns (seeds of Fagaceae) into Japanese mountains in order to give wild bears (Ursus thibetanus). The problems of the man-caused dispersal of acorns are discussed. Viewed in the light of the conservation biology, those artificial diffusions of acorns are objectionable. It is possible that the regional crossing is caused by seeds from various districts and seed borer insects are introduced to other regions. All of acorns and insects inhabiting there were not killed though were immersed into water in five days. Moreover, it is of a problem that human give baits to wild animals even though acorns are completely boiled. Author is rigidly opposed to artificial dispersal of acorns.
キーワード:人為的散布，クマへの給餌，ドングリ，コウチュウ，外来種問題，野生クマの保護，日本

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敦賀の海岸の工事現場より出土した貝類
福岡　修
Seashells excavated from the construction site on the coast of Tsuruga Bay
Osamu FUKUOKA
51(2004):63-64 (in Japanese with English abstract)

Seashells excavated from the construction site on the coast of Tsuruga Bay, Fukui Prefecture were recorded. Thirty-six gastropods and twenty-seven bivalves were identified. Five gastropods and four bivalves were unfound in the drifting seashell fauna. Boring core sample indicated that these seashells were buried probably before ca. 5000 years ago.
キーワード:自然貝層，沖積層，貝類相

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福井県からスナアカネを初記録
和田茂樹, 和田洋一
The first records of the migratory species, Sympetrum fonscolombii from Fukui Prefecture, Japan
Shigeki WADA & Yoichi WADA
51(2004):65-66 (in Japanese with English abstract)

In October and November 2004, some adults of the migratory species, Sympetrum fonscolombii （Selys, 1840） were found at coastal ponds in Fukui City, Fukui Prefecture, Honshu, Japan.This record is the first from Fukui Prefecture.
キーワード:スナアカネ，福井県
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福井市でクロモンシタバ（ Ophiusa tirhaca ）を拾得
佐藤友香
The first record of Ophiusa tirhaca (Noctuidae: Catocalinae) in Fukui Prefecture
Yuka SATO
51 (2004):67 (in Japanese with English abstract)

A male Ophiusa tirhaca Cramer (Noctuidae: Catocalinae) was found in Fukui City on November 15, 2004, which is the first record in Fukui Prefecture.This record is as the most northern record as in Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Pref. in 1954 and in Tsumagoi Village, Gunma Pref. in 1996. This species have been occasionally collected in the the Kinki districts and southward in Japan and there would be no habitat near Fukui City. Therefore, the individual seems to be a strayer.
キーワード:クロモンシタバ，シタバ亜科，県内初記録，迷虫
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